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Staci

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Here at the Student LoanDown, we like to think that every month is financial literacy month. But this April, it actually is National Financial Literacy Month!  Time to brush up on your financial fundamentals!

One of the personal finance bloggers we follow regularly, J.D. from Get Rich Slowly, asked his readers what they want to learn during Financial Literacy Month.  They've been more than forthcoming with interesting suggestions — some even want to know more about student loans.

You've been asking some interesting questions lately, too. In case you've missed them, I thought I'd highlight some of our recent exchanges:

• Do you have questions about student loan default or federal student loan rehabilitation? Check out the comment string on my post about student loan repayment.
• Are you thinking about cosigning a private student loan for a student and wondering how long you'll be on the hook?
• Want to know more about how Wells Fargo's private student loan interest rates are calculated? Barbara answers Tyler's questions here.
• If you're curious about student loan consolidation, our most popular post probably addresses the topic somewhere in the comments section!

What haven't we discussed that you'd like to know? You don't have to wait for Financial Literacy Month to roll around — you can ask us anytime.

Caroline

If you're a high school senior, all the realities of college are probably getting more real by the day. Specifically, the reality of how much college costs.  Starting now, you've got just a few short months to pull together the financing for your first year.

That doesn't mean it's time to panic. It's time to get to a Financial Aid Night, if you haven't already attended one.

What's a Financial Aid Night? It's an evening dedicated to providing information and answering your questions about getting financial aid for college. Typically your school will host it with help from a bank or other lending institution.

It's a great time to go with your parents (yes, be sure to bring them) and get a good understanding of the financial aid process. You also learn more about grants and scholarships that are available. The knowledge you'll gain will help you move forward confidently to get money for college.

How does it work? There will probably be a presentation about the financial aid process and the opportunity to pick up brochures and information about loans and scholarships. You might also have a chance to visit with a banker to learn more.

If you haven't seen notices for a Financial Aid Night at your school, check in with your guidance counselor about when one might be scheduled. If you're really in the dark about financial aid, it's important that you attend sooner than later — deadlines rule when it comes to getting money for college.

If you've already attended a Financial Aid Night, let us know how it went. Did you find it useful?

Editor's note: Over the next few months, The Student LoanDown will be running a series of posts focused especially on high school seniors. We'll be attempting to cover lots of topics of special interest to this group as they count down to graduation and get ready to head off to college.

Barbara

Caroline has already gone over some details of the FAFSA for beginners, but what about those of you who filed a FAFSA (Free Application For Federal Student Aid)  last year?

You need to complete a FAFSA every year you're in school, even if your financial situation hasn't changed. Don't worry — renewing your FAFSA takes much less time than the initial application.

The Department of Education will send you a Renewal Application or a reminder of your PIN (Personal Identification Number) to apply online, and you may also get a reminder from your school. However, you don't have to wait for either notification to apply. If you need a reminder of your PIN, just head to the PIN Website. 

And while it's best to file your taxes early to have the correct information, you don't have to wait. Use December pay stubs to estimate income for the year. You'll have the opportunity to correct your application if needed. Plus, applying earlier ensures you meet your deadlines  (some aid is first come, first served).

If your situation has changed — like a dramatic shift in your income, a divorce, or a parent's job loss — you may want to talk with your financial aid office about how it could affect your financial aid award. They'll be able to walk you through what may be different this year.

Once you've applied for federal aid, keep on applying. Seek free money like scholarships and grants.  Even though you may receive enough financial aid to cover your costs, you don't have to accept everything you are offered. Some aid, like unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans, will need to be repaid with interest — so the more funding you find that doesn't have to be repaid, the better!

Caroline

If you're a senior in high school and hoping to get financial aid for college, start the New Year off right and make it a priority to get your FAFSA  completed in January.

The FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) is your first step in securing money for college, including grants and loans. The FAFSA is used to apply for other forms of aid, such as those from the state, and those deadlines  vary, so it's in your best interest to get the FAFSA completed as soon as possible.

We recommend that you fill out the FAFSA even if you don't think you'll qualify for aid. Unsubsidized federal student loans are not based on financial need, so almost everyone qualifies for these loans.

It's probably easiest to complete the FAFSA online and sign it electronically using a PIN . However, if you prefer, you can get a paper FAFSA from your high school guidance counselor.

When you're getting ready to fill out the FAFSA, plan ahead so you have all the right documents  ready. Among the documents you'll need are your and your parents 2008 tax documents — an incentive to get those completed as soon as possible as well!

Be prepared to spend about two hours completing the application this first time. In future years, it won't take as long. If you start the application online, you don't have to complete it all at once. You can save your work and return to it later if need be.

Got any questions about financial aid? Ask us!

Staci

Happy 2009! Have you made any New Year's resolutions? 

I'm not a particularly successful resolution-keeper. Last year, I vowed to eat healthier, and for six weeks it was nothing but oatmeal for breakfast, salads for lunch, and Lean Cuisine®  for dinner. By the time Valentine's Day rolled around, I felt so deprived that I consumed a two-pound box of See's Candies®  in one sitting.

All bets — and subsequently, all resolutions — were off.

Looking back on it, I know my resolution was too general — not to mention highly unrealistic! I'm guessing that many resolution-makers find themselves in similar situations.

Depending on what stage you are in your student life — soon-to-be-student, current student, recent graduate — here are a couple of specific, achievable New Year's resolutions you could adopt in 2009:

1. Apply for at least one scholarship. Remember, free money for college means less money you'll have to borrow, and plenty of scholarships are out there for those willing to do a little work. Find one that's right for you by checking with your high school guidance counselor, your college financial aid office, your employer (or your parents' employer), or a scholarship search.

2. Before you apply, read the fine print. Know exactly what you're getting into before you sign a credit card application or a student loan promissory note, because your signature indicates that you agree to the terms and conditions. Pay attention to interest rates, fees, grace periods, and repayment periods. If you don't understand anything, ask — before you sign.

3. Make an extra student loan payment. Student loans don't have prepayment penalties. At least once this year, scrounge up enough cash to throw an extra $50 at one of your student loans, preferably the one with the highest interest rate. Just be sure to communicate with your lender and let them know exactly which loan you want the extra payment applied to.

My one resolution for 2009? Not to eat an entire box of See's Candies in one sitting. Sounds pretty doable, right?

Barbara

If you're in the market for a private student loan (the kind you turn to once you've exhausted all your scholarships, grants, and federal funding), you've likely heard or will hear about cosigners. Having a cosigner can make a difference on your student loan eligibility and interest rate, so I wanted to take some time to talk about cosigners and answer your questions.

Here are a few of the basics to spark some conversation:

What exactly is a cosigner?
For private student loans a cosigner is someone who signs a loan with the student. The cosigner agrees to be responsible for the loan, along with the student. A cosigner is a person who takes on equal liability of a student loan. That means the cosigner is on the hook for any payment that the primary borrower doesn't make.

Why do I need a cosigner?
Many college students don't have an established credit history, so a cosigner is required to secure the funds. This makes the loan less of a risk for the lender. Even if a student has an established credit history, it may still be a good idea to apply with a cosigner. Why? Most private loans have tiered pricing. That means the interest rate is figured at a base rate (like Prime Rate  or LIBOR ) plus a margin. For private student loans, that margin is based on credit. So bringing on a cosigner with excellent credit can improve the terms of a borrower's loan.

Who should I get to cosign for me?
There isn't a standard person that must cosign a borrower's loan. In fact, by law lenders can't tell you who should cosign your loan. Some common choices are family members like parents or grandparents. However, you can choose a non-relative, too. As long as the person has established credit and is willing, he or she can cosign. One thing is for sure though: No matter who you choose to cosign your loan, it's important that you have a cosigner in mind at the beginning of the process, as it will help the lender in providing you with a more timely credit decision.

Will my cosigner be liable for my loan for the whole repayment period?
Not necessarily. Some lenders offer an incentive that gives borrowers the option to release their cosigner from the liability. This cosigner release is usually an option if the borrower proves that he or she is able to repay the loan. Many lenders ask borrowers to make a certain number of on-time payments before they can take on sole responsibility of the loan. Lenders may also require the borrower to meet certain credit guidelines at the time their cosigner is released.

Now, what else are you curious about when it comes to cosigning a loan or finding someone to cosign your loan? Here's the place to ask.

Staci

Last week I was talking with a friend of mine who is still paying off his student loans from graduate school. Like he does with his car loan and his mortgage, he pays more than the minimum amount. The extra money goes toward the principal (the balance owed on the loan), which means he pays the loan off faster and with less interest . If this is something you can afford, I highly recommend it, especially since student loans don't have a prepayment penalty .

However, my friend's student loan servicer was recently purchased by another company, and now he's dealing with a different billing system.

Before, he used a loan coupon book  and mailed in his more-than-the-minimum payment every month. When he called the new company to ask about payment options, the representative looked at his account and said, "You're paid ahead through April, so you don't have to make any payments until then."

Then he asked for a bill, and the representative explained that he wouldn't be receiving one until his next payment was due — in April.

To be fair, I suppose most student loan companies aren't used to their customers inquiring about paying more and paying in advance!

What I recommended to my friend is that he set up a recurring automatic payment for his student loan through his checking account.

When he balked, I told him to think of automatic payments as an "electronic coupon book."  That way, he won't have to rely on receiving a bill — he can just take matters into his own hands. Plus, he'll be saving paper and stamps!

What works best for you to stay ahead — or at least on top of — your student loan payments?

Staci

Not long ago I read an article that made me cringe: A graduate student at California State University, Northridge  decided to put her tuition on a credit card.

On her credit card? With all the other options out there? [Gasp.]

Although Jennifer didn't put her tuition on her credit card, she did charge some of her living expenses, which left her in a bit of a bind. Here's the final part of her story.

Mistake #3. Living on Credit — Not Taking out Enough Money in Loans to Cover Living Expenses

When I went away to college, my mother made a deal with me. She would give me an allowance of $200 every two weeks for living expenses (basically all she could afford). She also got me a credit card. Six years later, we still have the same deal and the same credit card.

When I took out loans, I only borrowed enough money to cover tuition costs and my rent. As it turns out, that $200 every two weeks hasn't been enough to live on, and I now have a standing balance on my credit card that I can't pay off.. Very recently a wise financial advisor pointed out to me that the nearly 18% interest rate that I pay on my credit card balance exceeds the interest rate of my student loans. Neither my mother nor I thought that it might be a good idea to budget living expenses into my student loans even though she's encouraged me to keep putting the larger, unusual purchases on my credit card.

Now that we've learned out lesson, my credit card will be paid off this fall before I start my new grad program. I've taken out extra money for my living expenses and I'm going to try something new once I'm established at school: My credit card is going in the pencil box that I bury in the bottom of my desk drawer, and I plan to withdraw a budgeted amount of cash every week.  The objective will be to live “cash to mouth,” or to make the cash last the whole week, without running out — groceries, coffee, everything. Any extra cash will go into a reward fund that I will utilize at graduation, one year from this September.

While the economy is increasingly digital, and more merchants can handle small $2.00 coffee transactions digitally, stick to cash because it's tangible. It's easier to see how the coffee adds up when you're making change and not just handing over a thin slab of plastic.

How many times have I heard that little gem of wisdom before? Lots. But there's no teacher like experience.

Jennifer's right — there's no teacher like experience. But perhaps the mistakes she made (or almost made) can help you avoid some financial pitfalls of your own.

Want to tell your student loan story? Have any wisdom to share about your own financial experiences? Send us an email — we'd love to hear from you!

Staci

Generally, Wells Fargo recommends that students exhaust all of their "free money" (such as grants and scholarships) first, then borrow federal student loans, and if they need additional funds, consider private student loans .

Graduate student Jennifer weighs the pros and cons of that borrowing strategy in her next segment.

Mistake #2: Not Considering a Private Loan over a Federal PLUS Loan for Graduate Students

When taking out my loan for grad school, I decided that I had better do my research this time. As a grad student, I now qualify for federally subsidized loans. Stafford loans only go so far, and to finance the shortfall, my options are either a Federal PLUS Loan for graduate students or a private loan. A Federal PLUS Loan for graduate students has a fixed interest rate, so of course, this is the best option. But is it really?

The terms for the two loans differ: PLUS loans have a ten-year repayment term, which can be extended with broad deferment options (including one that covers insufficient salary), and a fixed government rate of 8.5%. Private loans have a longer repayment term — up to 25 years depending upon the lender — and relatively narrower deferment options. The interest rate on private loans is based on the Prime Rate  (which is the federal funds rate plus 300 basis points, or 3%), plus a margin (one or more percentage points) based on your credit history.

Now, here's the kicker: for a private loan, the Prime Rate, plus a percentage point or two, may yield an interest rate lower than the Federal PLUS Loan if you have a good credit history. However, choosing a private loan is a gamble. The economy is currently in pretty bad shape, and the Fed has been keeping interest rates low, but inflation is also a risk — it may lead to the Fed raising interest rates in the future. The Prime Rate has ranged from 4 to 9.5% since 2000 and currently sits at 5%. Banks calculate the applicable Prime Rate differently. For example, banks can use the monthly average, yearly average, or the rate on the final day of each month. If you're going to go with the private loan, make certain that you know how your lender will calculate the interest rate.

A private loan may be the way to go if your career path is more certain and you have a good idea of what your salary will be upon graduation — i.e., you don't actually need the longer repayment term, and you can repay the loan sooner before economic conditions change too drastically and take advantage of a relatively certain lower rate of interest. But again, this is a gamble. It might be smarter to go with a Federal PLUS loan if you tend to procrastinate or think that you'll need to utilize the relatively broader repayment deferment options.

Ultimately, it comes down to this: You have to do what's best for your own financial situation, and what might work for one student might be completely wrong for another. So do as Jennifer did — if you need to take out a student loan, weigh your options, weigh your individual tolerance for risk, and after educating yourself, borrow accordingly.

We'll have Jennifer's last piece of advice on Thursday.

Caroline

In this last month before school starts, you've probably got a long list of things that you need to do before heading off to college — especially if it's your freshman year. While you're making preparations, be sure you cover all the basics on your financial to-do list.

Don't have one? Luckily, I've made a handy checklist of things to help get your finances organized before you head off on your own.

1. Make sure your college financing is in order. Taking out student loans? Be sure you have contact information for your lender and your school's financial aid office so you can work with them to ensure you've got your tuition bill covered.

2. Set up a bank account. If you don't already have one, be sure you've got a savings account and an ATM card. If this is your first time owning an ATM card, be sure you know how to use it to make both deposits and withdrawals.

3. Get a credit card   for emergencies. This is nice to have as a backup plan — especially if you're taking a car to college. But be sure you understand the interest rate and how it's calculated before you ever use it.

4. Create a budget. Remember that this will be a working document that will be adjusted as you learn more about how you spend money when you're on your own. But for now, make a list of all the expenses you can anticipate at this point, as well as the income you plan to be generating.

5. Get your financial information organized. Buy a flexible file folder and keep track of any financial papers that you receive in hard copy (statements from your bank, student loan papers, etc.).

6. Talk to your parents  . Visit with your parents about money and expectations. Share your budget with them. (See item #4!) Make sure you understand what expenses they expect you to cover, and what they will pay.

7. Make a bill-paying plan. If you're going to start receiving your own bills for the first time, make a plan to ensure that they get paid on time. Will you pay them online or by check? Will you pay them as they come in, or set up a couple times a month to get them all paid at once?

This list should get you started. Now, what other financial "to-do's" do you have before college?